In addition, the federal government lost $26.0 billion in income tax revenue.īy omitting lost tax revenue due to labor force exits, prior studies have missed an important component of opioid-related costs borne by state and federal governments.Īs more states and the federal government contemplate litigation for opioid-related damages, lost tax revenue represents an important cost that could be recouped and allocated to opioid prevention and treatment programs. We find that between 20, opioid misuse cost state governments $11.8 billion, including $1.7 billion in lost sales tax revenue and $10.1 billion in lost income tax revenue. We pair existing, plausibly causal estimates of the effect of opioid misuse on the decline in the labor force from 2000 to 2016 with a variety of data sources to compute tax revenues lost by state and federal governments using the online TAXSIM calculator. The main purpose of this study was to estimate the tax revenue lost by state and federal governments as a result of adverse labor market outcomes attributable to opioid misuse.
We suggest that this is because their motivation in migrating to the UK is work related and they are unlikely to remain if the desired employment is unavailable. The participation of the Christian Eastern European group is markedly different to the other categories in terms of likelihood of working part-time either through choice or because they were unable to find full-time work, and they are less likely to become discouraged workers. We then investigate labour market outcomes such as over-qualification, unemployment, longer-term unemployment, discouraged worker effects, part-time working and forced part-time work. The analyses contrast the recent labour market experiences of eight of these with those of the Christian White-British majority (who form 73.6% of the LFS sample studied). We combine information on country of origin, ethnicity and religion derived from the UK Labour Force Survey (LFS) to subdivide the White-British, White-Irish and White-Other categories into nine groups, each of which comprises at least 0.1% of the LFS sample. This paper explores the situation of new groups of immigrants by focusing on various categories within the heterogeneous group of individuals which comprise the White population.
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